Thursday, March 14, 2024

Eve's Big Vision

 Over eleven years ago, my son William went to a New York City hospital and asked to be admitted for inpatient detox.  He was using heroin, benzodiazepines, cannabis, and alcohol. Within a few short hours, he was turned away, his insurers' deeming detox “not medically necessary”.  Four days later he accidentally overdosed on heroin. Six weeks of hospitalization followed before it became clear William was consigned to a permanent vegetative state. We removed him from life support and made an anatomical donation of his body to Columbia University’s College of Physicians and Surgeons.

 

My reaction to losing William was to write both about the trauma our family experienced and the failures of our treatment system. It was my way of coping with catastrophe and doing my best to ensure William’s death was not in vain.  I was fortunate enough to have two essays published in the New York Times. Writing had its desired effect. I was contacted by several treatment programs in New York and asked if I might contribute some writing toward their work. My wife, Margot, and I were offered the opportunity to testify about the lack of parity for substance use disorder and mental health treatment before several congressional committees. This advocacy was and is exciting and rewarding. The best part, however, is not the exposure to large numbers of people. It is meeting and discovering common cause with committed, exceptional, inspiring, individuals who share the experience of losing a child to addiction. Such a person is my now friend Eve Goldberg.

 

 Close to a decade back, Eve and I were seated next to one another at a formal event as a “You two should meet,” introduction. When we really met, however, was when we agreed to share our experiences at the BigVision office https://www.bigvision.nyc. As I recall, BigVision was in its infancy then, maybe toddlerhood. Eve was its founder and “mother”.   The midtown office was on the small side, certainly not large enough for on-site group activities. The size of the office did not prohibit our discussion from being expansive. I told Eve our story.  Eve told me about her son, Isaac.  We discovered how much these young men had in common. Eve explained Isaac’s frustration and isolation with no safe and engaging activities available to him while trying to stay sober. And yes, I learned about Eve’s dream of where she wanted BigVision to go.

 

Since that meeting, I’ve played basketball (poorly) and showed off my dance moves (a little less poorly) at BigVision fundraisers. I’ve been ice skating with BigVision participants and even taught a quick study young fellow how to ice skate on a chilly night at Bryant Park.  I’ve led some improvisational physical theater workshops. I’ve seen the organization and the space(s) it inhabits grow. More space, more staff, more participants, more activities. 

 

Within the last year or so Eve has brought another vision to fruition. She leads a monthly group meeting for parents who have lost a child to addiction.  It is an opportunity for people to share and to listen, whether our grief is longstanding or freshly tormenting.  It is a comforting reminder we are not alone and an opportunity to share strategies for coping.   

 

BigVision continues to grow. It has acquired a ground-floor space on midtown Manhattan’s East Side which includes room outdoors. Prior to BigVision’s bold acquisition the space belonged to a psychoanalytic institute and was largely comprised of many small-sized offices for therapists. It was, ironically, dark and closed in; not the sort of place a person might choose to go to brighten up their life. I wouldn’t want to have worked there.  BigVision is renovating the space, opening it up, letting in the light both literally and figuratively.  There will be room for large group meetings and activities, room for meditation, office space, and a pleasant outdoor garden spot where one can even shoot some hoops (something Isaac in particular would love). In short, a vibrant space to be filled with activity. A midtown clubhouse for young people in recovery. Something unique in New York City and a potential model for other cities and towns.  

 

Before we formally began our most recent Grief Group meeting, I asked Eve how the renovation was proceeding. Construction is on or ahead of schedule.  The only issue is figuring out what changes may be desirable to open up the space even more than initially anticipated. 

 

When our group discussion commenced, Eve uncharacteristically began by sharing something about herself.  Eve is our leader and usually prompts discussion, taking care to draw out those who are still having the most difficulty grappling with their grief. The meetings are far from, allow me, All About Eve.  This time, however, Eve explained how she has recently begun to explore somatic therapy, a body-centric approach that focuses on relieving the stress and tension we store in our bodies after traumatic events. She was particular about where and how she may well have retained pain and stress in her body ever since, or perhaps due to, the loss of Isaac.  

 

Much of our group’s ensuing hour was given over to shared thoughts on the physical experience of grief, the positive benefits of activity in helping to relieve grief, and some recognition of the importance of physicality in addition to more traditional talk therapy. I contributed little, other than the fact that my acting training, while not therapy, may well have been therapeutic in discovering stress and emotional life stored in my body. 

 

As our time concluded, a thought resonated with me. Eve’s initial response to me about progress on the new space was about opening the space even more, letting in more light, to facilitate as many different activities as possible.  The space will have changed from a dark and somewhat dismal mind-centric space to a holistic, inviting recovery community.

 

Not unlike the larger project, Eve is engaging in the prospect of perhaps opening up some more personal space, pulling back some curtains, and letting in some light. Grief can be tricky.  It likes to hide and hang out in us, reluctant to move on. Eve is looking for its hiding places. 

 

It does not seem to me to be a coincidence that a renovation and an investigation, both involving Eve, are occurring simultaneously. Each is a manifestation of her imagination, courage, and willingness to bring light to darkness, whether personal or public. 

 

I have no idea where all those psychoanalysts have moved on to. I hope for their sake the lighting is better.  Perhaps brighter enough to provide them with some big vision!    

 

 

 

 

 

Wednesday, February 14, 2024

From WJFF - Radio Catskill 90.5 FM

My NPR broadcast is now also a podcast. https://wjffradio.org/thekingfisherproject/  From the station Programming notes: "In 2012, Bill Williams tragically lost his son, William, to a heroin overdose at age 24. At William’s memorial, Bill, alongside his wife Margot and daughter Elizabeth Hope, pledged to combat drug abuse by educating others, improving treatment, and reducing stigma. Since then, they’ve spoken at various forums and published in notable outlets, including the New York Times and Harvard Health Blog. Bill also hosts a radio show, The Kingfisher Project, as part of their ongoing commitment to honor William’s memory."   My first guest is Carol McDaid, former principal of Capitol Decisions, a powerhouse in the realm of policy consulting and co-founder of the McShin Foundation in Richmond, VA. https://mcshin.org/

Sunday, September 24, 2023

Pulling the Trigger

 


I had an experience in an Emergency Room recently that revived memories of my dead son, his heroin addiction, and the “treatment” he received in that same ER upon numerous visits.  When I mentioned this to both an addiction activist and health professional friends, they each sympathetically used the word “trigger” to describe my response.  

 

I’ve thought about the word, “trigger”.  Why do we employ a word from our violent gun culture to describe our reaction to a particular unpleasant, stimulus? Or our anticipation of how we might react to a particular stimulus? The word may be sensational but is it necessary?  Could my response just as easily have been precipitated, prompted, set in motion, occasioned, caused by, generated, or begun by where I was and what I saw? Triggers on guns and bombs cause trauma.  Are we so accepting of our past trauma and hurt that we fail to pay attention to the language we use when we unexpectedly revisit them. When we say “trigger” are we unnecessarily adding salt to a wound?  Does “trigger” up the ante? Do we really need to ride a horse named Trigger? 

Sunday, August 20, 2023

TRAIL OF TRUTH - Binghamton, NY. 8/19/23

 I was invited to speak at this event.  Here are my remarks:


August 19th, here in Binghamton. We must never underestimate the significance of this day in our ongoing struggle with drug deaths and the despair and mayhem that follow in their wake. Why do I find this event so notable?

         

In early December of 2012 my son, William, entered Columbia University’s College of Physicians and Surgeons at the age of 24.  His arrival there was off the beaten track, beginning with visits to a psychotherapist. Stops on the way included an addiction psychiatrist, out-patient treatment, treatment with Suboxone, in-patient detox, in-patient treatment, out-patient treatment, out-patient detox, treatment with Vivitrol, more out-patient treatment, another in-patient treatment, more out-patient treatment, a revolving door of well over a dozen trips to and from the emergency rooms of at least four different hospitals, an attempt to work with another addiction psychiatrist, Alcoholics Anonymous, Narcotics Anonymous, and a home life fraught with tension and despair, sometimes hopeful during intermittent periods of sobriety, but always filled with the apprehension of misfortune.

William’s credentials for Columbia were unorthodox, “acute and chronic substance abuse” which caused “complications of acute heroin intoxication”.  William was admitted, not as a medical student, but as an anatomical donation. A cadaver.  His credentials came from his death certificate, not any academic transcript.   

 

Apprehension became fact when William accidentally overdosed in our living room.  I discovered him there and frantically called 911.  As a result of his acute intoxication, when his heart stopped beating for too long, despite extraordinary work by emergency personnel, William was placed on a protocol called therapeutic hypothermia to cool his body down in an attempt to prevent brain damage.  Six weeks of comatose and/or heavily medicated hospitalization followed – six weeks of a family bedside vigil - before a neurologist used the analogy of cut flowers in a vase to explain the state of William’s brain.  The cut alone is damaging. Yet, initially, the freshly cut flowers look fine.  As time passes, they shrivel, wither, and dry up.  We had to comprehend and accept that William was consigned to a persistent vegetative state.  There would be no miracle.  William would blossom no more. 

       

We made the agonizing decision to remove William from life support and contacted the New York Organ Donor Network.  Our admiration for their dedication, compassion, and professionalism knows no bounds.  Organ donation for someone in a vegetative state requires an expedient demise once removed from life support.  William did not expire within the necessary one-hour time frame, though his mother, sister, and I were with him in the operating room, singing to him talking to him, and telling him what he could not comprehend, that he could let go.  Rather, he lasted another 21 hours before drawing his last breath in our arms.  Determined that his death not be in vain, his mother, sister, and I made the gift of his body, an anatomical donation, to the College of Physicians and Surgeons at Columbia University.  In another time, in a better era, William might have entered the College of Physicians and Surgeons, not as a cadaver, but as the gifted and talented young man he was.

 

Perhaps the most difficult moment of my life was offering William’s eulogy.  I ended with a pledge from his mother, Margot, his sister, Elizabeth Hope, and me, a pledge that brings me here with you today.  “We promise to do everything in our power to educate and inform people about drug abuse and its prevention, to provide ever more enlightened treatment for addicts, to help make treatment options for addicts more readily available, and to remove the stain of shame surrounding this disease.” My final words were a quote from Shakespeare, “Action is eloquence.”  

 

As we approach the eleventh anniversary of William’s death, I’ve come to realize that taking action to effect change presents a formidable challenge.  We face the difficult process of changing hearts and minds.  That means engaging with minds that have no heart, engaging with hearts that have no mind, and engaging with those who have neither but believe they have the best of both. It can be daunting.  We must not back off.

 

In 2014, on the second anniversary of William’s death, Margot and I spoke at a U.S. Senate Forum on Addiction to help advance CARA, the Comprehensive Addiction and Recovery Act. It should, however, come as no surprise that progress through the work of our elected officials is glacial. It would be another two and a half years before that act was passed. In my talk that day I quoted a lyric from the musical “1776” when John Adams says of Congress, “We piddle, twiddle, and resolve -Not one damn thing do we solve”.  Waiting for presidents, governors, mayors, legislators, town councils, and government large and small to take effective action is frustrating and maddening. While politicians debate endlessly, people meet their end in staggering numbers daily.

 

In the two years before we spoke that day, we’d met other parents whose lives, like ours, were scarred by the collateral consequences of addiction.  They bravely moved ahead, establishing scholarships, endowing lectures, raising money for research, raising money with softball tournaments and golf tournaments, and sharing their wisdom and strength with other families currently battling substance use disorder. By the time we spoke, William’s sister, Elizabeth Hope, had just completed a half marathon and raised nearly $11,000 for the Where There’s A Will Fund, which we established at the time of William’s death.  Families weren’t negotiating and debating about what to do. They were taking action.

 

It is my fervent belief that the real hope in our fight against addiction in this country lies with the individuals, the families, and the community groups leading the way. Groups like Hope Not Handcuffs, BIGVISION, Drug Crisis in Our Back Yard, The Harris Project, Safe Stations, The Kingfisher Project, Community in Crisis, and of course, Truth Pharm – to name but a few.  I mention these groups because I happen to have had personal interactions with each of them. How many hundreds, even thousands of such organizations are spread across our nation doing good work in relative obscurity?    Read The Least of Us by Sam Quinones, Raising Lazarus by Beth Macy, and Undoing Drugs: How Harm Reduction Is Changing the Future of Drugs and Addiction by Maia Szalavitz and you’ll get a broader understanding of what is being accomplished at the grassroots level all across our nation.

 

Allow me to provide three quick examples. Eve Goldberg’s son Isaac battled addiction. During a period of sobriety, Isaac told his mother about the frustration he felt in not being able to connect socially with other sober peers. Why, he lamented, did sobriety have to be so socially restraining? At age 23 Isaac accidentally overdosed. One year later, in January 2015, Eve founded BIGVISION in New York City with a nationwide mission. Eve is committed to helping young adults in recovery learn to live fun, meaningful, sober lives by providing entertaining, engaging events and building a community where the BIGVISION “family” can hang out in a cool, hip, substance-free environment. When I first met Eve, BIGVISION operated out of a tiny Manhattan office.  Today they occupy a 4000 square foot clubhouse space, conveniently located on East 49th Street in midtown Manhattan. Young people in recovery get to participate in yoga, knitting classes, trapeze, kayaking on the Hudson, ice skating, and improvisation workshops, to name just a few of the sober activities they enjoy together. BIGVISION is an inspiration and a model for replication elsewhere. 

 

Julie Pisall’s daughter, Rebecca, was shot and killed due to her heroin addiction. Rebecca’s organs were donated to help save other lives. When she was in high school Rebecca found and saved an injured bird, a Kingfisher. When no one else thought it could be saved, Rebecca found a way to rescue it and save it. For a high school writing assignment, Rebecca produced an essay about the value of all life and the importance of perseverance.  That essay became the inspiration for The Kingfisher Project in 2014, a monthly radio show on Radio Catskill, an NPR station devoted to raising awareness about the drug crisis, both locally and around the country.  I’m fortunate to host the show.  This past March Alexis Pleus was my guest.  

 

In 2019 Claire Miller lost her younger brother, Ethan, to fentanyl poisoning just nine days before his 22nd birthday. Ethan thought he was simply using Xanax. The loss of Ethan pushed Claire to study architecture at Boston Architectural College. This spring she completed her master’s degree as an interior architecture design student.  In her final semester, she started 6th Sense Design, which focuses on the design of substance use disorder recovery environments. She is currently working with a South Florida-based nonprofit to develop a recovery residence for women.  Her firm belief is that well-designed spaces should be accessible to all populations and align with recovery programming to yield the best possible outcomes. 

 

All the initiatives I’ve described have two things in common.  They are splendid examples that action is indeed eloquence.  They were all initiated by and are now led by women.  It’s time for we men (yes, there are some here) to step up and do better.

 

Why did I begin my remarks by declaring this day significant and notable?    A trail, any trail demands regular and continuous use.  In other words, traffic.  Maintenance. Left untended it will deteriorate and ultimately disappear. 

On the other hand, with enough use, a trail becomes firmer, broader, better marked, and easier to navigate.  It becomes a route, a road.  Easier to traverse, it comes upon other trails, eventually forming a network.  Ultimately, it can become a highway.  In our case it is truth that clears the underbrush to cut a trail, truth that firms the path, truth that travels the trail and broadens it, truth that discovers connecting trails to form a network, and truth that paves the highway to success.  Today again, we join to reinforce the trail with truth. We must never underestimate the importance of truth in strengthening our mission.

 

Where does this truth come from?  We can’t all have the inspiration of an Eve Goldberg, the dedication of a Julie Pisall, the creativity of a Claire Miller, or the tenacity, passion, and leadership of an Alexis Pleus.  What we can all do is to share our stories.  Our stories are the truth that creates change.  As actress Emma Thompson said, …sometimes, human beings need story and narrative more than they need nourishment and food.” 

 

Today is important because we gather together to remind ourselves of the value and importance of our stories.  We don’t always know who we will help, or how. Sometimes we share our stories stuffing envelopes, cutting carrots in a soup kitchen, or providing transportation to those in need.  Truth and action might sometime feel unheard and unseen, pedestrian and unremarkable. Yet with patience, persistence, and perseverance- they can reveal themselves at the most unexpected moments in the most surprising of ways. 

 

I conclude with a surprise in our family story. In the late winter of 2018, four years after William’s death, we were contacted by a writer working on a piece for Columbia Medicine Magazine.  She wanted to incorporate our family’s story into an article she was working on about opioids.  I wrote her to respond that we had no idea how William’s body had been used.  We knew it had been used somehow, as his ashes were presented to us at a 2014 memorial service offered by Columbia medical students. 

 

She wrote back.  "Will's body was used to augment/improve the images and instructions in the iPad "manual" used by Physicians & Surgeons students throughout their anatomy training. My sense is that the manual is constantly being augmented and improved (what with its being digital and so inexpensively revised). The instructor specifically mentioned how valuable it was to include images of Will's anatomy, because being young and healthy, the images give a clear contrast with the various disease states students will encounter with their patients.”

 

About the time William died, several Columbia medical students, dissatisfied with the classic print manual Grant’s Dissector, first published more than 60 years ago, heavily reliant on drawings and still in wide use, initiated a project to compile thousands of photographs to create a digital anatomy manual.  As Dustin Tetzl, the medical student who had the idea for the manual stated, “The manuals have step-by-step instructions that show you what you’re supposed to do in lab, but the manual we used had lots of drawings and no photos.  Your cadaver never looked like the idealized drawing.  It was frustrating.” The Columbia Medicine Newsletter reported Tetzl and other students, ironically contemporaries of William, were “Soon… in the anatomy lab 12 hours a day, every day, dissecting a cadaver and taking tens of thousands of photos.”  Their work was edited by the course director and immediately put to use. “First-year medical students used it as their primary in-lab dissection manual throughout the fall semester, with an iPad at each cadaver table as they did dissections.”   Now, the Columbia University Clinical Gross Anatomy Dissection Manual is available to anyone on iBooks, titled A Gross Anatomy Dissection Manual for the 21st Century. The fully interactive multi-touch book contains simple step-by-step instructions accompanied by photos of actual dissections, a complete glossary for every bold term, and quizzes throughout.  It is used by all of Columbia’s first-year medical and dental students.

Already, over six thousand medical and dental students have encountered William profoundly in a way we never imagined. A friend of mine suggested that all those students had seen more square inches of William in a semester than I had in his 24 years.

We must never forget the stories each of today’s tombstones have to tell us. They guide us and sustain us on the Trail of Truth.  As writer and speaker Andrew Solomon tells us: “…we all have our darkness, and the trick is making something exalted of it.”  Once again, we set out on the Trail Of Truth toward the exalted. We WILL prevail.

 

 

 

  

 

 

 

 

 

  

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Monday, April 17, 2023

Spring Chicken

 Spring in the Catskills has warmed up sufficiently to begin translating vegetable garden plans into vegetable garden reality. I asked my nine-year-old granddaughter, Josephine Hope, to join me on a trip to Agway, our nearest farm and garden store, while I picked up some seed potatoes and onion sets.  Part of my request was self-serving; Josephine is old enough to count out and bag potatoes and onions, thereby saving me time and making the trip more efficient.

 

What I was aware of but paid little attention to is the fact that the next-door neighbors to the Tuber and Allium families on the Agway display floor were baby chicks, yellow and fluffy under heat lamps.  There were only a few, as they were mostly sold out.  But there are more on order, which led to the inevitable question, “Granddad, can we get one? They’re so cute.”  Or the question behind the question…some more?

 

I was quick to remind Josephine that the family dog, Archie, had dispatched two of her uncle Harrison’s full-grown chickens upon a family visit to Harrison’s rural home.  Harrison maintains a flock of chickens, along with his vegetable garden, making maple syrup, harvesting honey from his bee hives, and in some years raising pigs.

His is an admirable display of self-sufficiency.  All the more reason to be upset when Archie sprang from the family van immediately upon arrival, exercised her canine instinct, and instantly killed two birds.  No stone involved.  

 

While not alone among our family in this trait, Josephine exhibits a persistence that can range from irritating to admirable depending upon one’s point of view and the occasion.  Upon our arrival back home, Josephine sprang Archie-like from the car and dashed inside to persuade her mother of the benefits of a feathered family flock. There was no need for my rendition of our store trip by the time I walked into the house.  Her mother, Elizabeth, already knew, as Josephine wasted no time in her bid to convince her mother about the charm of the chicks and the urgent imperative to move on to the acquisition of one/some at the next available opportunity.  Agway would continue to restock until sometime in early May. I reiterated to Elizabeth my concern that Archie and the young birds might not be the best match.  More to the point, a match that would end badly for the chickens and yield a flood of juvenile human tears. 

 

Somewhat to my surprise Josephine’s father, Johnny, informed me that after a discussion during the family’s dinner,  Josephine had been given the green light for chicken adoption.  This would be no single-chick operation.  Agway sells a minimum of six birds.  

 

 

 

I began to catalog problems. Where on the family property sloping down to the Beaverkill River could they locate a henhouse?  Would a moveable henhouse be a good idea?  What would Archie’s role in all this be? Guard dog or predator?  There is no lack of natural predators in the neighborhood: coyotes, foxes, bobcats, weasels, mink, raccoons, opossums, skunks, rodents, and snakes. Not to mention aerial attacks from hawks, owls, and the bald eagles that patrol up and down the river.  

 

Josephine had given consideration to these issues and promptly called her Uncle Harrison for his advice.  Her father also had some questions for Harrison.  I continued to worry and used the internet to seek answers to some of my questions about housing in particular.

 

Later in the evening, still concerned about the quick demise of cute, fluffy, yellow birds or later on if they managed to reach something approximating adulthood, I called my brother to solicit his thoughts. He informed me that Josephine had already contacted him, full of thoughtful questions.  Johnny, too, wanted to hear what Harrison had to say.

 

Harrison appreciated my concerns about chicken welfare and the potential for upset girls.  He was, after all, none too happy when Archie murdered two of his flock. Those killings had both emotional and financial ramifications, as two egg-producing hens were now lost for good.

 

Harrison is also a teacher and a coach.  He reminded me of potential lessons that could be learned in this venture.  Some good, some perhaps painful. Raising chickens, like the vegetable gardens we have in common comes with a mix of success, frustration, and failure. He suggested to me that the potential for learning was far more important than trying to protect Josephine from emotional upset. The value of experience over being sheltered.  It made me think of the young farmers at the annual Delaware County Fair.  Each year they exhibit animals they’ve raised, are proud of, and I daresay emotionally engaged to at some level.   Soon after the fair in August those animals will be sold for slaughter.  Life goes on. There will be more piglets, chicks, bunnies, lambs, and calves to nurture and learn from.

 

In the end, there may be just one chicken in this story…an over-protective grandfather forgetting what his granddaughter might learn, even at the potential expense of some pain. I take comfort in knowing someone cares about this old bird.  It was earlier in the same day when Josephine’s five-year-old sister, Willa, asked me, “Granddad, when are you going to die?”

 

   

Thursday, March 2, 2023

Inheriting The War On Drugs

 The New York Times published some important Letters to the Editor today about two recent opinion pieces about the War On Drugs.

I wrote one that did not get published. Allow me to be bold enough to believe it deserves your attention.
"The Times has recently published two excellent opinion pieces: America Has Lost the War On Drugs. Here’s What Needs to Happen Next by
The Editorial Board and One Year Inside a Radical New Approach to America’s Overdose Crises by Jeneen Interlandi.
"I wonder whether these pieces will become available in our nation’s classrooms where they belong for close reading and serious discussion. Many of our high school and college students are, or are about to become, of voting age. They will soon be voting on drug policy and not long after helping to create drug policy. Will opinion essays such as these join ever-lengthening lists of books banned from classrooms or will they help begin a new era of intellectual harm reduction where rather than telling our children to “Just Say No” to drugs we ask them to “Please Think Critically” when it comes to the ever-changing landscape of drugs and drug policy they will soon inherit?"

Wednesday, December 14, 2022

Let’s Talk WITH Kids, Not TO Kids About Drugs and Addiction.

  

Let’s Talk WITH Kids, Not TO Kids About Drugs and Addiction.

 

In the last several days I’ve read some important articles and editorials about our drug pandemic and addiction. How many of them have reached adolescents?  How many have been clipped, copied, or otherwise shared by teachers with their students?  If not, why not?  If we think about that question, we’ll have to delve into the fear that keeps us from addressing substance use and other forms of addiction head-on.  It’s too easy to just say addiction feeds on silence. If we don’t share information and ideas with young people, we only strengthen the fabric of the cloak of silence. If they are not already, in a few short years adolescents will be voting and helping to make policy on these issues.  

 

There are plenty of other pieces in the news that deserve to be shared.  If we hesitate to share at all, we must ask ourselves what we’re frightened of.  Our fear will only come back to haunt us.  Silence = Death rings as true today as it always has. 

 

Here’s a starter kit: 

 

What Comes Next for the War on Drugs? The Beginning of the End.

 https://www.nytimes.com/2022/12/12/opinion/drug-crisis-addiction.html

 

How to Talk to Kids About Drugs in the Age of Fentanyl

https://www.nytimes.com/2022/11/08/opinion/fentanyl-teens.html

 

How Do We Save Teens From Fentanyl?

 

https://www.rollingstone.com/culture/culture-news/fentanyl-ad-education-harm-reduction-rainbow-1234612956/

 

It’s Not Just About Pot. Our Entire Drug Policy Needs an Overhaul.

https://www.nytimes.com/2022/12/11/opinion/marijuana-drugs-us-policy.html?searchResultPosition=1